Electrocardiographic,echocardiographic, and left atrial strain imaging features of a dog with atrial flutter and third-degree atrioventricular block

A 14-year-old American Staffordshire terrier was presented for episodes of exercise-induced syncope. At admission, atrial flutter coupled to third-degree atrioventricular block was diagnosed electrocardiographically. On the second day of hospitalization, surface electrocardiogram revealed spontaneous conversion to sinus rhythm with persistence of atrioventricular block. Complete transthoracic echocardiograms were performed after each electrocardiographic examination. The combined use of conventional echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging-based modalities allowed to investigate the atrial electromechanical correlation and function during typical atrial flutter and after its resolution.     

基于光学模型的退化叶片图像复原方法

针对空气浮尘造成植物叶片图像颜色失真、细节信息模糊问题,采用一种基于光学成像模型的灰尘去除算法,对退化叶片图像颜色进行恢复。首先根据灰尘颗粒对光线的反射和散射特性,建立叶片图像退化模型;然后利用有尘黑卡对光谱的反射特性计算出灰尘的反射率,在此基础上结合暗元原理和小波变换估计出入射光强及透射率2个模型参数。采用色卡和葡萄叶片图像测试算法的有效性。试验结果表明:本研究算法对叶片颜色有较好的恢复效果,复原后图像a、b分量(CIE Lab颜色模型)的平均绝对误差显著降低,有效地提高了图像的对比度和清晰度。试验还表明,本研究算法对不同天气和照明条件、不同品种的葡萄叶片图像均有较好的颜色恢复效果。     

FORENSIC RADIOLOGY AND IMAGING FOR VETERINARY RADIOLOGISTS

Imaging studies are often of evidentiary value in medicolegal investigations involving animals and the role of the veterinary radiologist is to interpret those images for courts as an expert or opinion witness. With progressing interest in prosecuting animal crimes and strengthening of penalties for crimes against animals, the participation of veterinary radiologists in medicolegal investigations is expected to increase. Veterinary radiologists who are aware of radiographic and imaging signs that result in animal suffering, abuse, or neglect; knowledgeable in ways radiology and imaging may support cause of death determinations; conversant in postmortem imaging; comfortable discussing mechanisms and timing of blunt or sharp force and projectile trauma in imaging; and prepared to identify mimics of abuse can assist court participants in understanding imaging evidence. The goal of this commentary review is to familiarize veterinary radiologists with the forensic radiology and imaging literature and with the advantages and disadvantages of various imaging modalities utilized in forensic investigations. Another goal is to provide background information for future research studies in veterinary forensic radiology and imaging.     

Comparisons among MRI signs,apparent diffusion coefficient,and fractional anisotropy in dogs with a solitary intracranial meningioma or histiocytic sarcoma

Although MRI has become widely used in small animal practice, little is known about the validity of advanced MRI techniques such as diffusion‐weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. The aim of this retrospective analytical observational study was to investigate the characteristics of diffusion parameters, that is the apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy, in dogs with a solitary intracranial meningioma or histiocytic sarcoma. Dogs were included based on the performance of diffusion MRI and histological confirmation. Statistical analyses were performed to compare apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy for the two types of tumor in the intra‐ and peritumoral regions. Eleven cases with meningioma and six with histiocytic sarcoma satisfied the inclusion criteria. Significant differences in apparent diffusion coefficient value (× 10^?3 mm²/s) between meningioma vs. histiocytic sarcoma were recognized in intratumoral small (1.07 vs. 0.76) and large (1.04 vs. 0.77) regions of interest, in the peritumoral margin (0.93 vs. 1.08), and in the T2 high region (1.21 vs. 1.41). Significant differences in fractional anisotropy values were found in the peritumoral margin (0.29 vs. 0.24) and the T2 high region (0.24 vs. 0.17). The current study identified differences in measurements of apparent diffusion coefficient and fractional anisotropy for meningioma and histiocytic sarcoma in a small sample of dogs. In addition, we observed that all cases of intracranial histiocytic sarcoma showed leptomeningeal enhancement and/or mass formation invading into the sulci in the contrast study. Future studies are needed to determine the sensitivity of these imaging characteristics for differentiating between these tumor types.     

山葡萄应答霜霉病侵染过程中叶绿素荧光成像的变化

以抗霜霉病的‘左山一’和易感病的‘双丰’山葡萄（Vitis amurensis Rupr.）为试材,离体叶片接种霜霉病菌后观察叶绿素荧光成像及参数变化。结果显示：叶绿素荧光成像系统可在接种霜霉病菌3 d时观察到病斑;霜霉病侵染叶片组织会显著改变叶绿素荧光参数;接种7 d时病斑与不接种对照相比,抗病品种‘左山一’Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ、Y（NPQ）与Y（NO）的变化幅度（–73.42%、–100%、–49.64%、+ 3285.21%）均大于易感病品种‘双丰’的变化幅度（–22.98%、–28.17%、+ 5.62%、+ 26.18%）,‘左山一’病斑周围组织的ФPSⅡ与rETR高于对照,而‘双丰’低于对照。由此可见,‘左山一’能够较早形成枯斑,快速改变病斑处的荧光参数,并提高病斑周围组织的ФPSⅡ与rETR值,从而增强对霜霉病的抗病性。因此,病斑周围组织的ФPSⅡ与rETR可以作为初步筛选山葡萄抗霜霉病种质的指标。     

Identification of the histological origin of durum wheat milling products by multispectral imaging and chemometrics

In the durum wheat industry, the milling process leads to the production of different fractions such as semolina, flours, bran and thirds. The histological origin and composition of these fractions are not easy to determine. Moreover, the proportions of kernel tissue in a given fraction depend on the wheat cultivar. In the present work, 4 batches of durum wheat were processed in an experimental semolina pilot plant leading to the extraction of 18 representative fractions. Multispectral images of both the final fractions and wheat kernels have been acquired with an in-house imaging system. By performing principal component analysis and a Kmeans procedure on the multispectral images of each fraction, a reference spectral fingerprint was assessed for every fraction. For each pixel of the images of kernel cross-section, it was possible to calculate its probability of belonging to a typical group of fingerprint, and then to build up a probability image. These probability images, presented in false colors, emphasized the areas in the kernels from which a given milled fraction was extracted. The images obtained in this way enable a more precise identification of the histological origin of the different milled fractions.     

Investigation of fungal development in maize kernels using NIR hyperspectral imaging and multivariate data analysis

Near infrared (NIR) hyperspectral imaging and hyperspectral image analysis were evaluated for their potential to track changes in fungal contamination on and fungal activity immediately under the surface of whole maize kernels (Zea mays L.) infected with Fusarium verticillioides. Hyperspectral images of clean and infected kernels were acquired using a SisuChema hyperspectral pushbroom imaging system with a spectral range of 1000–2498 nm at predetermined time intervals after infection. Background, bad pixels and shading of acquired absorbance images were removed using exploratory principal component analysis (PCA). When plotting PC4 against PC5, with percentage sum of squares (%SS) 0.49% and 0.34%, three distinct clusters were apparent in the score plot and this was associated with degree of infection. Loading line plots, with prominent peaks at 1900 nm and 2136 nm, confirmed that the source of variation was due to changes in starch and protein. Partial least squares (PLS) regression models, with time as the Y variable, were calculated and also indicated that changes over time were apparent. Variable importance plots (VIP) confirmed the peaks observed in the PCA loading line plots. More systematic future experiments are needed to confirm this, but it can already be concluded that early detection of fungal contamination and activity is possible.     

基于高光谱图像技术预测苹果大小

以新疆红富士苹果为研究对象,探讨应用高光谱图像技术和最小外接矩形法预测其大小的研究方法。提取苹果高光谱图像中可见红色区域受色度影响较小的713nm以及近红外区域793和852nm的3个波长图像,做双波段比运算处理。比较所得双波段比图像可知,852/713双波段比图像中背景和前景灰度对比度最大。对该图像做阈值分割以及形态闭运算去除果梗区域,使用8邻接边界跟踪法得到二值图像的轮廓坐标序列,采用最小外接矩形法求苹果的大小,与实测值建立回归方程。结果表明,基于高光谱图像技术采用波段比算法,结合最小外接矩形法,能够有效地检测苹果大小,预测值与实际值最大绝对误差为3.06mm,均方根误差为1.21mm。     

苹果表面缺陷红外热成像检测装置及处理方法

红外热成像技术是一种可用于农产品检测的新型无损检测技术。简介了红外热成像原理及该技术用于苹果表面缺陷检测的方法。实验装置以IR790为核心,将苹果表面温场转换为热图像显示,经计算机处理与分析,最终得到苹果缺陷信息。     

一年生簇毛麦α-醇溶蛋白基因的分离、原核表达与功能鉴定

醇溶蛋白是面筋的主要成分之一,对小麦品质具有重要影响。根据数据库中全长α-醇溶蛋白基因设计了1对通用引物,从5份一年生簇毛麦(Dasypyrum villosum)品系中共得到52条序列,长度在816~873 bp之间(GenBank登录号为KJ004676~KJ004727)。核酸序列分析表明,其中有8条假基因,有1条(KJ004680)缺失终止密码子。推导氨基酸序列显示,KJ004677、KJ004686、KJ004714和KJ004696含有1个额外的Cys,其中,前3条序列由于Tyr→Cys所致,而KJ004696则由于Ser→Cys突变。序列间的差异主要出现在N-端重复区和多聚谷氨酰胺I区,根据N端重复区多肽序列的差异将一年生簇毛麦α-醇溶蛋白分为5种类型。为了分析具有额外Cys的α-醇溶蛋白所具有的品质效应,选取KJ004708(具有典型的6个Cys)和KJ004714(具有1个额外的Cys)分别构建表达载体,IPTG诱导后均得到分子量约30 kD的蛋白,与理论值相符;目的条带经切胶串联质谱鉴定证明,这2个α-醇溶蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中正确表达。对表达的蛋白亚基进行纯化、复性和低温冷冻干燥,经4 g粉质仪分析表明,KJ004708和KJ004714均能改善面团的加工品质,其中具有1个额外Cys的KJ004714亚基对面粉品质的改善更为显著。